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| Registros recuperados: 92 | |
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| Ducey, Tom; Ippolito, J.A.; Cantrell, K.B.; Novak, J.M.; Lentz, R.D.. |
| It has been demonstrated that soil amended with biochar, designed specifically for use as a soil conditioner, results in changes to the microbial populations that reside therein. These changes have been reflected in studies measuring variations in microbial activity, biomass, and community structure. Despite these studies, very few experiments have been performed examining microbial genes involved in nutrient cycling processes. Given the paucity of research in this area, we designed a six-month study in a Portneuf soil (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) treated with three levels (1%, 2%, and 10% w/w ratio) of a biochar pyrolyzed from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) at 350°C and steam activated at 800°C to measure the... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Amendments; Chemistry; Nitrogen; Soil. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1517/1/1481.pdf |
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| Lentz, R.D.; Ippolito, J.A.. |
| When added to soils, carbon-rich biochar derived from the pyrolysis of woody materials can sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide, mitigate climate change, and potentially increase crop productivity. However, research is needed to confirm the suitability and sustainability of biochar application to different soils. We applied four treatments (dry wt.) to an irrigated calcareous soil in Nov. 2008: control; stockpiled dairy manure, 18.8 Mg/ha; hardwood-derived biochar, 22.4 Mg/ha; and manure + biochar using previous rates. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied when needed (based on pre-season soil test N and crop requirements) in all plots and years with N mineralized from added manure included in this determination. Available soil nutrients (NH4-N, NO3-N, Olsen... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Corn / maize; Manure; Calcareous soil; Soil. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1459/1/1424.pdf |
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| Lentz, R.D.; Ippolito, J.A.; Spokas, K.A.. |
| Few multiyear field studies have examined the impacts of a one-time biochar application on net N mineralization and greenhouse gas emissions in an irrigated, calcareous soil; yet such applications are hypothesized as a means of sequestering atmospheric CO2 and improving soil quality. We fall-applied four treatments, stockpiled dairy manure (42 Mg/ha dry wt.); hardwood-derived biochar (22.4 Mg/ha); combined biochar and manure; and no amendments (control). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in all plots and years based on treatment’s pre-season soil test N and crop requirements, and accounting for estimated N mineralized from added manure. From 2009 to 2011 we measured greenhouse gas fluxes using vented chambers, net N mineralization (NNM) using buried bags,... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Corn; Manure; Chemistry; Nitrogen; Soil. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1558/1/1514.pdf |
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| Lentz, R.D.; Ippolito, J.A.; Spokas, K.A.. |
| Aluminum-based water treatment residuals (Al-WTR) have a strong affinity to sorb phosphorus. In a proof-of-concept greenhouse column study, Al-WTR was surface-applied at 0, 62, 124, and 248 Mg/ha to 15 cm of soil on top of 46 cm of sand; Al-WTR rates were estimated to capture 0, 10, 20, and 40 years of phosphorus from an urban watershed entering an engineered wetland in Boise, Idaho, USA. Creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra) was established in all columns; one set of columns received no Al-WTR or plants. After plant establishment, once per week over a 12-week period, ~1.0 pore volumes of ~0.20 mg phosphorus/L was added to each column. Infiltration rates were measured, leachate was collected and analyzed for soluble phosphorus, and fescue yield,... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Soil quality. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1592/1/1550.pdf |
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| Ippolito, J.A.; Spokas, K.A.; Novak, J.M.; Lentz, R.D.; Cantrell, K.B.. |
| Biochar is the carbonaceous solid byproduct of the thermochemical conversion of a carbon-bearing organic material, commonly high in cellulose, hemicelluloses, or lignin content, for the purposes of carbon sequestration and storage. More specifically, the thermal conversion process known as pyrolysis occurs when carbon-containing substances are introduced to elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen at varying residence times, yielding biochar. Several pyrolysis techniques employed to produce biochar differ in the temperature of reaction and residence time in the reactor. Different reactor residence times are described as slow (hours to days), fast (seconds to minutes), and flash (seconds). Fast or flash pyrolysis typically occurs around 500oC with... |
| Tipo: Book Section |
Palavras-chave: Fertility; Soil quality; Fertilizer. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1590/1/1547.pdf |
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| Ippolito, J.A.; Lentz, R.D.; Novak M, J; Spokas, K.A.; Collins, H.P.; Streubel, J. |
| Soil fertility benefits of charcoal application have been reported as early as 1847 indicating that plant nutrients are sorbed within charcoal pores. The use of biomass-derived black carbon or biochar, the solid byproduct from the pyrolysis processing of any organic feedstock, has garnered recent attention as a potential vehicle for carbon sequestration and a beneficial soil conditioner. However, most of the past biochar research has focused on improving the physico-chemical properties of tropical (i.e. terra preta) and highly weathered soils, while little research has focused on improving arid or semi-arid soils of the USA. Here, we present an overview of the potential benefits and drawbacks of biochar usage in western US agro-ecosystems based on... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Nutrients. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1522/1/1484.pdf |
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| Lehrsch, G.A.; Brown, B.; Lentz, R.D.; Johnson-Maynard, J.L.; Leytem, A.B.. |
| To maximize recoverable sucrose from sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), producers must effectively manage added nitrogen (N), whether it be from urea or organic sources such as manure or composted manure. Our multi-site study’s objective was to determine the effects of a one-time application of stockpiled and composted dairy cattle manure on sugarbeet N uptake, N recovery (NR) and N use efficiency (NUE). First-year treatments at Site 1 included a control (no N), urea (202 kg N/ha), compost (218 and 435 kg estimated available N/ha), and manure (140 and 280 kg available N/ha). Site 2 treatments were a control, urea (82 kg N/ha), compost (81 and 183 kg available N/ha), and manure (173 and 340 kg available N/ha). Compost and manure were incorporated into two... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Sugarbeet; Application guidelines; Manure. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1600/1/1558.pdf |
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| Elzobair, K.A.; Stromberger, M.E.; Ippolito, J.A.; Lentz, R.D.. |
| Biochar has been shown to increase microbial activity, alter microbial community structure, and increase soil fertility in arid and semi-arid soils, but at relatively high rates that may be impractical for large-scale field studies. This contrasts with organic amendments such as manure, which can be abundant and inexpensive if locally available, and thus can be applied to fields at greater rates than biochar. In a field study comparing biochar and manure, a fast pyrolysis hardwood biochar (10 tons per acre), dairy manure (19 tons per acre), a combination of biochar and manure at the aforementioned rates, or no amendment (control) was applied to an Aridisol (n=3) in fall 2008. Plots were annually cropped to corn. Surface soils (0-12 inches) were sampled... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Fertility; Soil. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1599/1/1557.pdf |
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| Lentz, R.D.; Lehrsch, G.A.; Brown, Bradford; Johnson-Maynard, J.; Leytem, A.B.. |
| Efficient recycling of abundant manure resources from regional dairy industries in the semiarid West requires a better understanding of N availability in manure-amended soils. We measured net N mineralization using buried bags, and crop biomass, N uptake, and yields for sprinkler-irrigated, whole (noneroded) and eroded Portneuf soils (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) subject to a one-time manure application. Treatments included a control, fertilizer, two rates of composted dairy manure (28.4, 64.3 Mg ha–1, dry wt.), and two rates of stockpiled dairy manure (23.3, 45.7 Mg ha–1, dry wt.) applied in the fall before the Year 1 cropping season. Plots were planted to sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), winter wheat (Triticum... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Manure; Amendments; Nitrogen. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1420/1/1390.pdf |
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| Lentz, R.D.. |
| Standard water quality analysis methods recommend that sediment-laden runoff waters sampled to determine dissolved nutrient concentrations be filtered immediately after collection. Few research studies have examined the influence of delayed filtration on sample stability or nutrient loss assessments. Twenty eight runoff water volumes were collected from 3 irrigation furrows during a 12-h irrigation set. Four subsamples of each volume were obtained; 2 were filtered (45 µm) in the field and the other 2 were filtered 10 days later, with or without boric acid treatment (1 mL saturated H3BO3 solution per 100 mL sample). All samples were refrigerated at 4 deg. C. Dissolved reactive P (DRP), NO3-N, and NH4-N concentrations were measured in all filtered... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen; Phosphorous; Nutrients. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1516/1/1480.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 92 | |
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